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“It is also held by some Members of Congress that the United States delegate to the [UN's] Executive Council, in ordering out troops, will act independently of the Congress and without its authority, but will be solely under the orders of the President. This view is held by some on the ground that the President is a symbol of sovereignty, and so has the right to call the Army into war in foreign countries without consulting Congress. It is said that this has been done many times in history. If that doctrine is accepted, the President can take us into war at any time, and the declaration of war by Congress will be simply rubber-stamping the act of the President. Such a doctrine would indicate that many people believe that the Constitution can be changed by customary violations of its limitation of executive power. This if adhered to, is dangerous doctrine. …The control of war power, as provided in the Constitution, must remain in the Congress if the United States is going to remain a republic.” (Senator (R-MN) Henrik Shipstead, one of two Senators opposing passage of the UN Charter July 27, 1945.)

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War